Compression therapy for lymphoedema

Compression therapy involves wearing specially designed bandages or garments that apply pressure to not only reduce your oedema but also to sustain the improvements achieved. It is an essential part of Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT), considered the gold standard for lymphoedema treatment. CDT consists of a decongestion phase (Phase I), followed by a maintenance phase (Phase II). Compression therapy is part of both phases.

Compression therapy aims to reduce signs and symptoms of lymphoedema. Your compression bandages or garments apply pressure from the outside to the limb. This pressure forms a gradient, with the highest pressure at the ankle (or wrist) and decreasing progressively as it goes up the limb. This helps to move the lymphatic fluid to the center of your body, where it can drain properly. Compression moves the fluid out of the affected limb and prevents it from coming back into the limb.

In Phase I of CDT, compression therapy aims to reduce your swelling as much as possible. This phase usually takes several weeks, depending on the severity of your lymphoedema. The following compression types are preferred in this phase:

• Short-stretch bandages in the form of multi-layer bandaging
• Wrap compression systems

In Phase II, which is initiated promptly after Phase I, compression therapy aims to maintain and optimize the results you achieved in Phase I and prevent any fluid from returning and causing more swelling (known as rebound oedema). The following compression types are preferred in this phase:

• Flat-knit compression garments
• Circular-knit compression garments, suitable for limbs with a more uniform shape
• Adjustable compression wraps
• Night-time compression garments

In general, compression therapy is very safe and has been used for decades. With some exceptions, it can be used for all patients. Your Healthcare Professional will be aware of any exceptions.

There are a few warning signs that point to inappropriate application of your compression garments or bandages. These are:

• Pain or discomfort
• Changes in the colour
• Tingling or numbness of your toes and fingers

If you notice one or more of these symptoms, move your limb or remove the garment, or one bandaging layer if it does not help. When the symptoms do not resolve after a while, you should completely remove the compression and contact your Healthcare Professional.

Compression therapy also stresses your skin. Therefore, it is important to maintain good skin care.